India is an agri-based nation positioning 5th place in the production of agricultural products. The poultry and dairy industry is the key element in livestock production that keeps on the progression of the Indian economy that holds 10% of the total national income. The ancient poultry industry has currently become a remarkable one for the last 10 decades. The backyard rearing is transforming into a commercial sector with increasing GDP. These sectors engaged 16 million people in this work globally mostly women in India. Due to the increasing human population, there is an increase in demand for products in the poultry and dairy industries like milk, meat, and eggs. A regular diet with these products that provide nutritive and supplementary foods helps in the sustainability of human health which is altered by their change in lifestyle.
While producing food bearing animals on a commercial scale, the major problem encountered by farmers are flies. The attraction of the flies towards these agri meat industries turning into a nuisance in the development of food products with more prominent quality. The most commonly observed flies are Musca domestica (Housefly) Stomoxys calcitrans (biting stable fly), Fannia canicularis (little housefly), and Hydrotea ignava (black garbage fly).
These flies breed in the usual waste that is generated in poultry farming; the grains; the manures and the decaying animal and bird carcasses which is mostly in a moistened condition that supports the growth of the flies and breeding by laying their eggs on them. Improper utilization of pesticides, antibiotics, and growth regulators lead to the growth of the pest in high density. This pest can travel around 5 to 10 km radius from the poultry zone.
The microorganisms like Bacteria (Coliforms, Staphylococcus Salmonella spp, Pasteurella multocida, Campylobacter, etc.), Fungi (Cryptococcosis, Rhodotorulosis, Mucormycoses, Histoplasmosis, etc), Viruses (Poxvirus, Influenza virus), and Even Parasites (Tapeworm, Gape worm, Ascaris) can cause infection in the primary, secondary and tertiary livestock. These organisms may fond on the floor, air, and the surface of the objects on the farm. Mostly these organisms are opportunistic and get attached to the skin surfaces of the avian. They may enter the circulation system or gets infiltrated into the tissues later and multiples in the host lead to microbial contamination. These organisms may be liberated in the fecal matter of the birds or animals and shed the microorganisms even in a small scratch of the animals. It is estimated that 1 kg of feces can produce up to 10, 000 flies.
When the flies feed on the damaged part of the animals these organisms may enter into the gut of the flies and starts their life cycle or attach to the body of the flies by carries the causative agent with them. These flies are acting as an intermediate host, that can transfer livestock diseases like Salmonellosis, Rift Valley fever, Blue-tongue, diarrhea, and three-day sickness from the meat products to other living things, mostly humans. The consumption of the meat and the dairy products which is contaminated by directly with the causative agent or through cross-contamination by flies or by improper handling leads to food-borne diseases, where millions of peoples have affected with that annually. This may affect the production rate at a CAGR of 16.2% during 2019-2024 which leads to heavy economic losses.
In dairies, the flies can cause stress to the animals by creating a nuisance environment around them and makes them irritate and affect their behaviour of resting, feeding, and milking. This behavioural activity results in weight loss and reduced milk flow. Animals may often get injured by playing a defence mechanism against those flies. These flies make the animal stamp foot and switch the tail often that’s makes the animal even more tired. These fly’s interruption decreases milk production (15 to 30 per cent) and meat production (1.49kg) in cattle farming. Decreased milk production in lactating females has negative consequences for offspring development. Flies involved in this action include stable flies, house flies, horn flies, face flies, horse flies, deer flies, and mosquitoes. These flies breed on grains, bedding, decaying matters, and manures and in the moist areas around dairy farms. Flies can transmit diseases like Trypanosomiasis and Anthrax through mechanical ways as vectors. In other ways, these pests transmit the causative organisms like mastitis-causing Staphylococcus. Pest management is the key factor of the dairy industry in the maintenance of animal productivity and health. Dairy industries mostly use synthetic pesticides for the prevention and control of pests. But these synthetic pesticides are too economic to use which is not offered by the farmers regularly and the prolonged use of these chemical pesticides makes the flies insecticidal resistant that make the condition even worse.
Usually baited fly traps, sticky fly ribbons are used to control the fly activity that results in the incomplete eradication of the pests. Because these products are sugar-based insecticides, flies may develop insecticidal resistance by the continuous usage of these products. The poultry and Dairy industry is in sought of a product that supports their productivity. The farm with all kinds of livestock’s can be free from the pests, and increase the production of the meat with the non –antibiotic growth promoters and toxin binders that prevent the entry of the microorganisms into the animals results in the manufacture of germ-free meat and the supplements that supports the growth of the animals and naturally increase the production of meat by using the products of the Agrinutrition.
My Agrinutrition aims to provide a safe, natural product to the framers in all scales globally that support them to produce good quality meat, milk, and their products which help to develop the proper nourishment of the peoples in their diet. By the commercialization of pest-free products in and around India will build the economy of the nation with the expansion of the budgetary status of the individual farmer.
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